美總統首份工作五花八門：奧巴馬當過雜工
美國有線電視新聞網7月3日報道，風光無限的總統們也有落魄時，苦哈哈地工作，領着慘兮兮的薪水。但鋪就成功之路的，往往就是這些看似不如意的“沉默時光”。
Obama: Ice cream scooper
奧巴馬：冰激凌店小工
President Obama recently said in a magazine interview that he was paid minimum wage or close to it in his first four jobs.
He scooped ice cream at Baskin-Robbins, worked as a painter and waited tables at an assisted living facility.
Obama spent one summer clearing construction sites on the Upper West Side when attending Columbia University.
While some Presidents (think Roosevelts, Bushes, JFK) are pretty well-off compared to the majority of people they're elected to represent, Obama is not alone. There are plenty of former commanders-in-chief who knew what it was like to work hard for low wages.
近日，奧巴馬在接受一本雜誌採訪時透露，自己年輕時也曾是打工仔，最初四份工作的工資比最低標準高不到哪兒去。他曾在一家名爲“芭斯羅繽”的冰激凌店舀過冰激凌、做過油漆工、也在養老院當過勤雜工。在哥大學習期間，奧巴馬還做過建築工地的清理工。
相比出身顯赫的羅斯福、布什和肯尼迪，奧巴馬顯得有些辛酸，不過還有許多總統和他一樣，清楚地知道拿着微薄薪水拼命工作的滋味。
Ronald Reagan: Lifeguard, dish washer
里根：救生員、洗碗工
Reagan lifeguarded for several summers at Rock River in his hometown of Dixon, Ill., while in high school. He reportedly saved 77 lives.
He attended Eureka College in Illinois on a partial football scholarship and covered the remaining cost by washing dishes at his fraternity house.
After graduating in 1932, Reagan got a job as a radio sportscaster at WOC in Davenport, Iowa. The radio station paid him $10 per game ($174 in today's dollars).
Reagan, of course, eventually went on to Hollywood.
高中時代的里根曾在家鄉狄克遜的羅克河做了好幾年的救生員，救起過77個溺水的人。
隨後他進入尤里卡學院學習，靠踢足球踢來的獎學金和洗碗工的工資付學費，沒讓家裏掏一分錢。1932年，畢業後的里根在愛荷華州的一家廣播電臺當起了播報員，當時每播一場比賽，電臺只給他10美元。不過後來，他去好萊塢混了。
Gerald Ford: Burger flipper
福特：烤漢堡員
Ford helped out at his stepfather's paint store and grilled burgers at a local restaurant while in high school.
He also played a lot of football, eventually playing center for the University of Michigan. Both the Green Bay Packers and the Detroit Lions offered him contracts, but Ford turned them down because he wanted to attend law school.
Ford didn't gain admission immediately, so he got an assistant football coaching job at Yale, making $2,400 for the year in 1935. That would be $42,676 in 2014 dollars. He also coached boxing, helping him to pay down his debts and get a foot in the door at Yale Law School, where he was admitted in 1938.
同樣也是在高中時代，福特在繼父的印刷店裏幫忙，除此之外，還在當地的一家快餐店裏烤漢堡。福特的橄欖球打得很好，在密歇根大學校隊打中鋒時，由於球技精湛，被底特律獅隊和綠灣包裝工隊同時相中，不過福特都沒答應，因爲他心心念唸的是耶魯法學院。
申請學校的一段時間裏，他也沒閒着，一邊在耶魯做橄欖球助教、一邊還教人打拳擊。憑着這兩份薪水，他在還清貸款之餘，還掙了不少，僅橄欖球助教就讓他在1935年掙了2400美元（相當於如今的42676美元）。1938年，福特如願以償，拿着自己掙的學費進了法學院。
Herbert Hoover: Miner
胡佛：礦工
While still a teenager, Hoover and a friend started a company that sold and repaired sewing machines. The business failed, but it was not the future president's only brush with entrepreneurship.
He enrolled at Stanford in 1891, in the university's first class. Although tuition was free at the time, students still had to pay for room, board and books. To cover the costs Hoover ran a laundry service, a concert series and a campus paper route. He made a profit selling the laundry service to another student, allowing him to graduate with no debts and $40 in his pocket, according to a biography written by Amy Ruth.
After graduating, Hoover took a job pushing carts underground in mine shafts in California. He earned $2 a day, working 70 hours a week, according to presidential historian Richard Norton Smith. That daily wage is equal to $56 today.
胡佛十幾歲的時候就和朋友開了個小公司，出售和維修縫紉機。不幸小公司沒撐多久，可他創業的腳步沒有就此停下。1891年，胡佛進入斯坦福大學，成爲了斯坦福的第一屆學生。當時的斯坦福是不收學費的，不過食宿和書本要學生自己負擔。爲了掙到這筆錢，他又開始爲同學們提供洗衣服務。畢業後，胡佛找了一份工作，在地下的礦井裏推礦車。一週工作70個小時，可每天只能掙2美元。
Richard Nixon: Produce buyer
尼克松：採購員
Nixon did not come from money.
"You could literally say they were dirt poor," said Barbara Perry, a co-chair of the Miller Center Oral History Program at the University of Virginia.
Nixon's financial troubles stemmed from the failed lemon ranch his parents owned until 1922. His father then opened a combined grocery store and gas station in Whittier, Calif., where the entire family worked.
Nixon would get up every morning before school to go into Los Angeles and check out the available produce selection, said historian Richard Norton Smith.
In 1930, Nixon enrolled in Whittier College, and later won a scholarship to Duke University's law school.
尼克松家條件不好，甚至可以說是困苦。1922年，尼克松家的牧場破產。隨後，父親用僅剩的家底開了雜貨鋪和加油站，全家人都在店裏幫忙。凌晨4點，尼克松就必須起牀，開着家裏的卡車去進貨，然後纔去上學。Lyndon Johnson: Road crew
林登·約翰遜：道路工人
After finishing high school in 1924, LBJ had what some historians have called a "lost period" in his life. With five friends, he bought a car to drive from Texas to California, where he worked some odd jobs for about a year. He hitchhiked back to Texas, where he did some manual labor on a road crew.
In 1927, Johnson enrolled in Southwest Texas State Teachers College. He was a student-teacher at a small Hispanic school in an impoverished area.
When Johnson graduated in 1930, his first teaching job paid $1,530 ($21,796 when adjusting for inflation) for the year. He worked briefly as a teacher before getting a job as a Congressional aide.
1924年高中畢業後，約翰遜進入了所謂的“迷茫期”。他和幾個朋友借了一輛車，從德州開到了加州，想要闖蕩社會，自立門戶。隨後的一年裏，他幹了一堆稀奇古怪的工作，卻沒什麼收穫，於是只好落魄潦倒地流浪回家，在德州做了一段時間的道路工人。
Jimmy Carter: Peanut farmer
卡特：農民
Carter worked on his parents' Georgia peanut farm as a boy. By the time he was 10 years old, Carter was hauling produce into town to sell.
He left Georgia to attend the U.S. Naval Academy. After serving in the Navy for several years, Carter moved his family back to the farm when his father died. A terrible drought devastated the farm in 1954, leaving him a profit of just $187 ($1,654 in 2014 dollars) that year.
Carter successfully turned the farm around before entering politics.
卡特從小在自家的花生農場裏幹活兒，10歲時就能一個人拖着車子到鎮上賣花生。後來，卡特進入了海軍軍官學校。幾年後，父親去世，他又舉家遷回了農場。1954年，一場大旱讓農場幾乎顆粒無收，一整年的收入僅有187美元。
Bill Clinton: Congressional clerk
克林頓：國會職員
Clinton attended Georgetown University as an undergrad, but was worried about how to foot the bill. He received some scholarships and help from his parents. His stepfather owned a Buick dealership and his mother was a nurse.
Clinton writes in his autobiography that he was relieved when offered a part-time job as a clerk for the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee that paid him $3,500 ($25,699 in inflation-adjusted dollars) for the year.
"Though I never told anyone at the time, I was afraid I'd have to leave Georgetown and come home, where college was much less expensive," he writes.
克林頓的繼父是汽車經銷商，母親是護士，按說他應該沒有什麼經濟上的負擔，但喬治城大學還是讓他發了愁，除了獎學金和父母的資助外，他還得找一份工作，才能支付高昂的學費。他甚至想過轉校，所幸後來美國參議院外交關係委員會給了他一份年薪3500美元的兼職。
George H.W. Bush: Clerk
老布什：石油公司職員
Let's face it, Bush 41 didn't have to pinch pennies.
"He is completely of the New England gentry class, but he wanted to try and make it on his own," said presidency expert Barbara Perry.
After serving in World War II and then finishing Yale, Bush moved his family to Texas with hopes of making it in the oil business. He first took a job as clerk for an oil-drilling company owned by a friend's father, earning $375 monthly ($3,748 in today's dollars).
"He did want to get away from the family establishment, and not to take that away from him, but he could have always gone back to Greenwich," Perry said.
But the clerk job didn't last for long. In 1950, he and a friend started their own oil company. It later merged with Zapata Petroleum, and Bush became president of one of its subsidiaries
以其優厚的家庭條件，布什其實根本不用精打細，但他想要自食其力，證明自己。從耶魯畢業後，爲了瞭解石油業，布什移居德州，起初在朋友父親的一家石油公司裏做職員，一個月的工資只有375美元。在熟悉了石油公司的運作和程序後，1950年，布什很快與朋友合資成立了自己的石油公司。
