中國的人口老齡化將使勞動力驟減

The graying of the population could shrink the number of working-age adults by more than 10 percent in China by 2040, a report from the World Bank said on Wednesday.

世界銀行在週三的一則報告中稱，人口的老齡化將會使中國在2040年時勞動力人口縮減至少10%。

It means a net loss of 90 million workers in the country until that time, according to the report named "Live Long and Prosper: Aging in East Asia and Pacific".

據世界銀行的題爲《福壽延年：東亞與太平洋地區的人口老齡化》的報告，它認爲中國的勞動力到2040年將淨損失9千萬。

"Developing middle-income countries in East Asia, such as China, are already aging quickly and face some of the most pressing challenges in managing aging," it said.

“東亞的中等收入發展中國家，比如中國，人口老齡化在逐步加劇，並正在面臨老齡化問題帶來的最嚴重挑戰。”報告稱。

East Asia, as the Word Bank's research showed, is aging faster than any other region in history. Nearly 36 percent of the world's population aged 65 and over, or 211 million people, live in this region, which is the largest share among all regions in the world.

正如世界銀行的報告顯示，東亞地區的人口老齡化速度比史上其他地區要快。全世界65歲及以上的人口中有36%分佈在東亞，人數達到2.11億，在世界所有地區中佔比最大。

The bank warned that the rapid pace and sheer scale of aging in East Asia raises policy challenges, economic and fiscal pressure, as well as social risks. "Without reforms, for example, pension spending in the region is projected to increase by eight to 10 percent of GDP by 2070."

世界銀行警告說，東亞地區如此快的老齡化速度及其龐大的規模帶來了政策的挑戰、經濟和財政壓力，以及社會潛在威脅。“如果不改革，比如僅就養老金來說，到2070年該地區養老金支出可能提高到佔GDP的8%到10%。”

Axel van Trotsenburg, regional vice-president of the World Bank's East Asia and Pacific Region, said on Wednesday that "East Asia Pacific has undergone the most dramatic demographic transition we have ever seen, and all developing countries in the region risk getting old before getting rich."

世界銀行東亞太平洋地區區域副總裁阿克塞爾·馮·託森伯格在週三說，“在東亞太平洋地區我們親歷了最嚴重的人口鉅變，本區域所有的發展中國家未老先衰。”

He suggested a comprehensive policy approach across the life cycle to enhance labor-force participation and encourage healthy lifestyle through structural reforms in childcare, education, healthcare, pensions, long-term care and more.

他建議通過對育兒、教育、醫療、養老金、長期保健等方面的結構性改革，制定覆蓋整個生命週期的全面政策方案來提高勞動力的參與，激勵形成健康的生活方式。

The report also recommends a range of pressing reforms in China, including removing incentives in pension systems that have encouraged some workers, especially urban women, to retire too early.

報告還推薦一系列的改革，包括取消養老金體系中的激勵措施，比如曾鼓勵一些工人，尤其是城市女性提早退休。

Developing countries in the region can take steps to reform their existing pension schemes, including considering gradual increase in retirement age, it said.

本區域中的發展中國家可以採取措施改革現有的養老金體系，包括考慮逐漸推遲退休年齡。