中國欲主導汽車業未來,德國製造商願意幫忙

A series of deals announced over the last week is designed to help German car manufacturers take a bigger slice of the world’s largest automobile market — and China develop its vision for the future of cars.

上週公佈的一系列交易旨在幫助德國汽車製造商在全球最大的汽車市場中佔據更大份額，並幫助中國發展對汽車的未來願景。

Beijing has been vocal about its desires for electric and driverless cars. It is introducing aggressive rules to ensure that many of the new cars put on its roads have electric or hybrid engines. And autonomous vehicles are a key part of its Made in China 2025 plan to dominate important new technologies.

北京向來不掩飾對電動汽車和無人駕駛汽車的嚮往。目前它正在引入激進的規則，確保許多新車使用電動或混合動力發動機。自動駕駛汽車是中國製造2025計劃的重要組成部分，該計劃希望令中國在重要的新技術領域居於主導地位。

To aid that effort, it has promised to open up its auto industry to foreign carmakers, a move that it has now doubled down on.

作爲輔助措施，它承諾向外國汽車製造商開放其汽車行業，此舉正在快馬加鞭地進行。

The flurry of announcements from German companies shows that they are keen to take advantage of the situation. Among the new partnerships are these:

來自德國公司的一連串公告表明它們熱衷於利用這種局面。新的夥伴關係包括：

■ Volkswagen plans to develop electric vehicles under its SEAT brand, as part of an agreement with the Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group. It will also work with the FAW Group and the China Intelligent and Connected Vehicles Research Institute to develop autonomous cars.

■ 作爲與安徽江淮汽車集團協議的一部分，大衆汽車計劃以其西雅特(SEAT)品牌開發電動汽車。它還將與中國第一汽車集團和中國智能與聯網汽車研究所合作開發自動駕駛汽車。

■ BMW intends to increase the number of cars it produces annually at its two factories in China, which includes building electric Mini vehicles there in partnership with Great Wall Motor. It will also form a partnership with the Chinese technology company Baidu on autonomous cars.

■ 寶馬(BMW)計劃增加中國兩家工廠的年產量，其中包括與長城汽車合作生產迷你(Mini)電動車。它還將與中國科技公司百度在自動駕駛汽車方面建立合作伙伴關係。

■ Continental plans to work with Didi Chuxing, the Chinese ride-sharing company, to develop internet-connected electric vehicles.

■ 大陸(Continental)計劃與中國乘車共享公司滴滴出行合作，開發聯網電動汽車。

■ Daimler will receive a license to test its driverless vehicles on Beijing’s roads, the first such permit issued to a foreign carmaker.

■ 戴姆勒(Daimler)將獲得在北京道路上測試無人駕駛車輛的許可證，這是中國第一次向外國汽車製造商發放類似許可證。

■ Bosch will work with NIO, the Chinese electric vehicle start-up, to build sensors and control systems for electric cars.

■ 博世(Bosch)將與中國電動汽車初創企業蔚來汽車(NIO)合作，爲電動汽車製造傳感器和控制系統。

All this deal making makes sense for both sides.

所有這些交易對雙方都有意義。

German automakers hope that by increasing production in China they can also increase sales in that country, the world’s largest car market. (For BMW and Daimler, the production could replace cars they currently make in the United States for export to China, which are caught up in the escalating tariff battle between the countries.)

德國汽車製造商希望增加在中國的產量，從而在這個全球最大的汽車市場增加銷量。（對於寶馬和戴姆勒來說，這些產品可以取代他們目前在美國生產並出口到中國的汽車，這些產品在兩國之間不斷升級的關稅戰中陷入困境。）

And China hopes this represents an opportunity to become an innovation hub for electric-and autonomous-car development, advancing its goal of becoming a technological powerhouse.

中國希望這是它成爲電動汽車和自動駕駛汽車發展創新中心的機會，推動其成爲科技強國的目標。

Against this backdrop, Tesla announced Tuesday that it would build a factory in Shanghai — its first outside the United States, and the first in China to be wholly owned by a foreign automaker. Tesla says the plant will eventually be able to produce 500,000 vehicles a year.

在這樣的背景下，特斯拉週二宣佈將在上海建立一家工廠——這是該公司在美國之外的第一家工廠，也是中國第一家由外國汽車製造商全資擁有的工廠。特斯拉表示，該工廠最終每年可生產50萬輛汽車。

These developments are likely to displease President Trump. His administration’s trade war with China is focused in part on keeping technology out of Beijing’s hands.

這些事態發展可能會使特朗普總統感到不悅。他的政府與中國的貿易戰爭的焦點部分在於不讓北京獲取技術。

But right now, much of the high-tech auto industry appears to be moving away from Mr. Trump, and toward China.

但是現在，大部分高科技汽車行業似乎正在離開特朗普，轉向中國懷抱。