航空旅行還安全嗎 你需要知道的幾件事

The fact that Egyptian authorities said that they were looking into whether terrorism had caused the crash of the EgyptAir flight from Paris to Cairo early Thursday morning raised fears about the safety of air travel and also traveling in general. Here’s what you need to know about staying safe in the skies and on the ground.

埃及當局表示他們正在展開調查，以確認恐怖主義是否是上週四凌晨埃及航空公司(EgyptAir)從巴黎飛往開羅的航班墜毀的原因，這引發了人們對航空旅行以及其他旅行方式的擔憂。要想在航空和地面旅行中做到安全，你需要了解以下幾點。

The EgyptAir flight 804 that crashed originated in Paris. Does this mean that the city and France in general are at an increased risk for a terrorist attack?

墜毀的埃航804航班是從巴黎出發的。這是否意味着，巴黎和法國遭受恐怖襲擊的風險增加了？

Yes, but so are other countries in Europe, including Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom, said Nick Doyle, a terrorism expert and managing director of the security risk management practice at Kroll. “Intelligence says that an attack is highly likely, but, obviously, no one knows when or where,” he said.

是的，而且還包括比利時、德國和英國等歐洲其他國家，反恐專家、克羅爾(Kroll)安全風險管理董事總經理尼克·多伊爾(Nick Doyle)表示，他還說，“情報顯示，發生襲擊的可能性非常大，但很明顯，沒有人知道會在何時何地發生。”

So, should I avoid traveling to France since this recent possible attack happened on a flight departing France?

所以，由於近期進出法國的飛機可能遭受恐怖襲擊，我應該避免前往法國？

There is no reason not to travel to France, according to Martin Stone, the head of Europe, Middle East and Africa for the New York City-based global investigation firm Nardello & Co., but travelers should be aware that there are several major sports events happening in the country over the next several months such as the French Open, taking place now through early June; the UEFA European Championship, the soccer tournament from June 10 through July 10; and the Tour de France, starting July 2. Large-scale events like these, said Mr. Stone, are potential terrorist targets.

馬丁·斯通(Martin Stone)認爲，大家沒有理由不去法國，他是總部位於紐約的全球性調查公司納德爾羅(Nardello＆Co.)的歐洲、中東和非洲區負責人。但旅客也應該明白，這幾個月法國有一些重要的體育賽事，比如現在舉行的法國網球公開賽到6月初結束，從6月10日到7月10日要舉行歐足聯(UEFA)的歐洲足球錦標賽，環法自行車賽從7月2日開賽。斯通說，像這樣的大型賽事是恐怖分子的潛在目標。

The plane that crashed was headed to Cairo. Does that mean that Egypt is an unsafe travel destination?

失事飛機是飛往開羅的。這意味着到埃及旅行不太安全嗎？

It’s hard to say whether Egypt is categorically unsafe, according to Rana Feghali, the head of Nardello’s Dubai practice. But, she said, since the EgyptAir plane had stops in Tunisia and Cairo, a security breach in one of those destinations could have led to an explosive device being loaded onto the plane. That said, the cause of the crash has not yet been determined.

據納德爾迪拜辦事處負責人拉娜·費加利(Rana Feghali)稱，很難說埃及是不是絕對不安全。但她表示，鑑於埃及航空那架飛機在突尼斯和開羅都降落過，這些目的地中任何一個地方的安全漏洞都可能導致爆炸裝置被送上飛機。但話又說回來，飛機墜毀的原因是尚未確定的。

What are the chances of a terrorist attack happening on a plane?

飛機上發生恐怖襲擊的可能性有多大？

Very small. An estimated 3.5 billion people flew globally in 2015 according to the International Air Transport Association, a trade association for the world’s airlines. According to Perry Flint, the organization’s head of corporate communications in the Americas, that same year, there were two deliberate acts of unlawful interference against commercial transport aircrafts that led to the loss of passenger lives: Germanwings 9525 because of a pilot suicide and Metrojet 9268 where terrorism is the suspected cause. Both of these incidents resulted in the deaths of 374 passengers and crew- barely a fraction of the total number of fliers.

非常小。由全世界的航空公司組成的行業組織國際航空運輸協會(International Air Transport Association)估計，2015年全球航空客運量爲35億人次。據該組織的美洲企業溝通負責人佩裏·弗林特(Perry Flint)表示，同年，故意非法干預商業運輸機並導致乘客殞命的行爲只有兩起：德國之翼(Germanwings)的9525航班和Metrojet公司的9268航班。前者是因爲飛行員自殺，後者的原因懷疑是恐怖主義。兩起事件導致374名乘客和機組成員死亡，僅爲機組人員和飛機乘客總數的一小部分。

The risk of air terrorism may be small said Mike Ackerman, the founder and chairman of the Ft. Lauderdale-based security consulting firm Ackerman Group who is an expert in travel-related terrorism, but the fear around it is big. “The incidence of air terrorism is statistically insignificant but psychologically significant because it’s so terrifying,” he said.

總部設在勞德代爾堡的安全諮詢公司阿克曼集團(Ackerman Group)的創始人兼董事長、旅行相關恐怖主義問題專家邁克·阿克曼(Mike Ackerman)則表示，空中恐怖主義的風險可能比較小，卻會引起嚴重擔憂。“空中恐怖主義發生的機率從統計上來說微乎其微，但對人們的心理影響卻很大，因爲太可怕了，”他說。

Is it safer to fly domestically within the United States than internationally?

在美國國內坐飛機是否比搭乘國際航班更安全？

T.J. Schulz, the president of the trade association Airport Consultants Council and an aviation security expert, said that the risk of air terrorism domestically is extremely low. “The last successful air terrorist attack in the U.S. was 9/11, and though there have been attempts since then like the underwear and shoe bombers, the airport security at U.S. airports is far more rigorous and layered now than it was when 9/11 happened which makes an attack much more difficult,” he said.

行業組織機場諮詢委員會(Airport Consultants Council)主席、航空安全專家T·J·舒爾茨(T.J. Schulz)表示，美國國內發生空中恐怖主義的風險極低。“上一次在美國得逞的空中恐怖襲擊是9·11。在那之後，儘管有人試圖將爆炸物藏在內衣或鞋子裏，但均未能得逞。美國機場的安全措施遠比9·11時更嚴格，層級更多，這大大增加了襲擊難度，”他說。

Is there anything I can do to stay safe from air terrorism?

爲了遠離空中恐怖主義，我能做些什麼？

Mr. Ackerman advises travelers to limit their air travel to carriers from industrialized countries because they tend to have the most thorough security standards. “Fliers sometimes want to avoid American carriers because they think that America is a terrorist target, but American airlines and other industrialized countries have rigorous security screening procedures,” he said.

阿克曼建議旅客選擇來自工業化國家的航空公司，因爲它們的安全標準往往是最縝密的。“旅客有時候希望避開美國的航空公司，因爲他們認爲美國是恐怖分子的襲擊目標，但美國和其他工業化國家的的航空公司的安檢程序是最嚴格的，”他說。

How can I protect myself from terrorism in general?

總的來說，我怎麼才能保護自己遠離恐怖主義？

Mr. Doyle says that travelers should be aware of any potential safety risks at the destination they’re heading to. And, in a recent New York Times article on travel to Europe, Tim Horner, the head of Kroll’s security risk management practice, advised avoiding crowded areas such as concert halls and stadiums and having an exit strategy in place if you do go. He also suggested knowing how to get around the city you’re in, emailing your itinerary and copies of your travel documents, including your passport, to family members, and limiting the amount of personal information you carry (no need to tote along all your credit cards).

多伊爾表示，旅客應該清楚自己要前往的目的地存在的所有潛在安全風險。《紐約時報》前不久刊登了一篇文章，介紹去歐洲旅行的相關事宜。克羅爾的安全風險管理負責人蒂姆·霍納(Tim Horner)在文中建議避開擁擠的地方，如音樂廳和體育場，要去的話也要制定好逃生策略。他還建議要清楚如何在所在的城市四處觀光，將行程和護照等旅行證件的副本用電子郵件的形式寄給家人，以及限制身上攜帶的個人信息（無需帶上所有信用卡）。