一文看懂英國“脫歐”公投
英國“脫歐”公投將於6月23日舉行。“脫歐”公投，指就英國是否脫離歐盟進行的公投。
“脫歐”派認爲歐盟拖了英國的後腿，稱歐盟強加於企業過多的規定，作爲歐盟成員國每年要上繳數十億英鎊的費用，但回報甚微。他們還希望英國能收回對邊界的完全控制權，減少到英國工作生活的人，等等。
“留歐”派稱，歐盟成員國身份對英國有很大的幫助，如向其他成員國出售商品更加便利，同時移民潮中大部分都是願意工作的年輕人，有助於促進經濟增長，分擔公共服務費用等。
雖然英國首相卡梅倫本人反對脫歐，但對他來說，提前舉行脫歐公投的決定，最終變成了一個自己無法掌控的進程。
最晚票區結果預計將在當地時間24日早上7點左右（北京時間24日下午2點）出爐。
IN NUMBERS： EU referendum
數讀英國“脫歐”公投
18: Minimum age citizens must be to vote
18歲：英國公民參加投票的最低年齡限制
£6 million: Maximum amount groups can spend on official referendum campaigns
600萬英鎊：各種團體可用於正式投票活動的最高數額
1975: Last time Britain had a referendum on the EU (or the 'Common Market' as it was then called)
1975年：英國最近一次“脫歐”公投的時間，以決定是否繼續留在歐洲經濟共同體。
67%: Percentage of the 1975 electorate who chose to stay in
67%：1975年公投中，支持英國繼續留在歐洲共同體的選民比例。
65%: Turnout in 1975 referendum
65%：1975年公投投票率。
£12.9 billion: Amount the UK paid to the EU in 2015 after rebate taken into account
129億英鎊：2015年英國向歐盟納稅共計129億英鎊（折扣後）。
7: Number of ministers who attend David Cameron's Cabinet meetings who want to leave the EU
7：英國首相卡梅倫內閣中支持脫歐的大臣人數。
150: Number of Conservative MPs expected to back Brexit
150：據估計支持脫歐的保守黨議員人數。
2.7 million: Number of people born in another EU country who now live in the UK according to Migration Watch
270萬：根據“移民觀察”組織的數據，生於其他歐盟國家、現居英國的人數。
FAQ：What is the EU referendum?
“脫歐”公投問答：
What does "Brexit" stand for?
"Brexit"（“脫歐”）是什麼意思？
The term is a commonly-used abbreviation for British exit from the EU.
"Brexit"是“英國退出歐盟”的簡寫。
How will it be decided?
如何決定？
The decision hangs on the result of a national referendum, currently being prepared by the government.
根據英國公投結果確定，目前英國政府正爲此做準備。
When will the referendum be held?
公投時間？
The referendum will be held on Thursday.
全民公投將在6月23日舉行。
What will the question be?
公投問題是什麼？
The question will ask: 'Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?'
問題是：“英國應該繼續留在歐盟，還是退出歐盟？”
What is the expected result?
結果會怎樣？
Most polls show the British public is roughly evenly divided about the country's future in the EU, with a slight bias towards staying
大多數民調顯示，英國公衆中，支持脫歐與支持留歐的比例基本持平，支持留在歐盟的比例略微多一點。
Remain or Leave?
觀點大PK：
支持留歐：
REMAIN: David Cameron
英國首相卡梅倫
‘Economic security with the EU, or a leap into the dark’
“留在歐盟經濟有保障，否則將邁入無盡深淵。”
‘I believe it (leaving the EU) would be needless and reckless – an act of economic and political self-harm’
“我認爲脫歐完全沒有必要，也很魯莽。是對政治經濟的自損。”
REMAIN: Barack Obama
美國總統奧巴馬
‘The EU makes Britain even greater’
“歐盟使英國更強大。”
‘Together, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union have turned centuries of war in Europe into decades of peace, and worked as one to make this world a safer, better place’
“美國、英國、和歐盟其他國家一起，結束了歐洲幾百年的戰爭，迎來了數十年的和平。攜手一起，讓世界更安全、更美好。”
REMAIN: William Hague
英國前外交大臣威廉-黑格
‘The Leave campaign is really the Donald Trump campaign with better hair’
“脫歐運動就好像是長了頭髮的特朗普在主持一樣。”
‘This transatlantic mirror-image is completed by the uncannily identical expectations, at least on the part of political pundits and financial markets, of what the results will be’
“這位大西洋對岸的翻版人物有着完全相同的期待（支持脫歐），不可思議，至少在有關公投會導致的政治權威及金融市場影響方面。”
REMAIN: John McTernan
政治戰略評論家約翰-麥克唐納
‘Turkey deal reveals the EU’s future - Britain should be desperate to be a part of it’
“歐盟土耳其難民協議預示了歐盟的未來，英國應該非常願意留在歐盟。”
‘A Britain in the EU is open for business – for free trade, free movement of capital, goods and services and free movement of labour. Outside we will have chosen to close ourselves’
“留在歐盟的英國對商業和自由貿易持開放態度，對資本以及商品和服務的自由流動、勞動力的自由流動都敞開了大門。如果脫歐，我們也就選擇了封閉自己。”
支持脫歐：
LEAVE: Boris Johnson
前倫敦市長鮑里斯•約翰遜
‘There is only one way to get the change we want’
“我們永遠不可能再有下一次機會。”
‘And it is important to remember: it isn’t we in this country who have changed. It is the European Union.’
“要記住，不是英國公民變了，而是歐盟變了，這非常重要。”
LEAVE: Col Richard Kemp
英國政府反恐顧問理查德•坎普上校
‘It is an EU army that could bring about war’
“歐盟軍隊可能引起戰爭。”
‘A vote to Remain would embolden Brussels in the goal of ever-closer union. This will include a European army.... And an EU army would undermine deterrence and cripple Nato, weakening European defences’
“如果投票留歐，歐盟就會成爲更緊密的聯盟。有可能會成立歐洲軍隊……而一支歐盟軍隊會破壞威懾力，削弱北約，使歐洲防禦變弱。”
LEAVE: Allister Heath
評論員亞歷斯特•西斯
‘EU red tape is suffocating UK economy and Brexit can set us free’
“歐盟的繁文縟節損害了英國經濟，脫歐能讓我們重獲自由。”
‘As it becomes ever clearer that we won’t be able to reform our economy if we stay in the EU, let us hope that more senior business leaders add their names to such (pro-Brexit) lists’
“現在越來越清楚了，我們留在歐盟就沒法進行經濟改革，我們希望更多經濟大腕支持脫歐。”
LEAVE: Michael Howard
前英國保守黨領袖邁克爾•霍華德
‘David Cameron’s reform bid has failed – it’s time to go’
“卡梅倫的改革努力失敗了，是時候脫歐了。”
‘The EU’s fundamental flaw is its misconceived attempt to impose rigid uniformity on countries as different as Finland and Greece, Portugal and Germany’
“歐盟試圖把嚴格的一致性強加於各個成員國，純屬構想不當的嘗試，也是其根本缺點。芬蘭、希臘、葡萄牙、德國等等這些國家是完全不同的。”
明星發公開信支持“留歐”
David Beckham
球星大衛-貝克漢姆
"We live in a vibrant and connected world where together as a people we are strong. For our children and their children we should be facing the problems of the world together and not alone," Beckham said in a statement.
小貝在公開信中說：“我們生活在充滿活力且聯繫緊密的世界裏。作爲人類整體而言我們很強大。爲了我們的下一代，我們應該一起面對世界上的難題，而不是孤軍奮戰。”
"For these reasons I am voting to Remain."
“因此我支持留歐。”
'Harry Potter' author Rowling
《哈利波特》作者J.K.羅琳
"How can a retreat into selfish and insecure individualism be the right response when Europe faces genuine threats, when the bonds that tie us are so powerful, when we have come so far together?" she wrote.
她寫道：“歐洲正面臨着真正的威脅，連接我們的紐帶如此強大，而且我們一起經歷了這麼多。這時退回到自私且不安全的個人主義狀態怎麼會是正確的呢？”
Benedict Cumberbatch
英國著名演員“卷福”
"Britain is not just stronger in Europe, it is more imaginative and more creative," the letter also says. "Our global creative success would be severely weakened by walking away."
“留在歐盟的英國不僅更強大，也更有想象力和創造力。如果脫歐，我們全球創意的成功將大打折扣。”——來自“卷福”及衆明星簽名發表的公開信
Stephen Hawking
科學家史蒂芬-霍金
"First, increased funding has raised greatly the level of European science as a whole and of the UK in particular because we have a competitive edge. Second, we now recruit many of our best researchers from continental Europe, including younger ones who have obtained EU grants and have chosen to move with them here."
“其一，英國具有強大的競爭優勢，增加科研資金能夠極大地提高歐洲整體的科學水平，尤其是英國的科學水平。其二，英國目前招募的衆多頂級研究人員都來自歐洲大陸，包括一些已經獲得了歐盟資助的年輕科學家們。”
